english 2nd semester Example For Students

english second semester reflection something not; a quality isolated from an article supplemented that which topped off or finished or brought flawlessly concrete something that can be seen by the faculties (smelled, tasted, felt, heard or seen) likening rewarding or seeing as the equivalent Sovereign Elizabeth I Five individuals from the Tudor family controlled England from 1485 to 1603. f those one hundred eighteen years, Queen Elizabeth I managed for forty-five (1558-1603). During her rule, the strict, political, monetary, and scholarly changes that had started under her granddad, Henry VII, and her dad, Henry VIII, arrived at a peak. The outcome was a prospering of human expressions and enthusiasm. As Queen, Elizabeth managed, yet additionally superbly spoke to the soul of her occasions. Both she and her kin adored and lived with get-up-and-go. The Elizabethan Age was one of extravagance and excitement. The medieval spotlight on eternal life offered route to a *Elizabethan accentuation on the here and now.* Though still strict, Elizabeths subjects vivaciously sought after the delights and advantages of common living. Religion itself had been a wellspring of debate and battle in England since the rule of Henry VIII. *When the Pope wouldn't allow Henry a separation from his Spanish spouse, Catherine of Aragon, so he could wed Anne Boleyn, Henry cut binds with the Church in Rome and set up himself as the leader of the Anglican Church of England.* Thus, Henry VIII presented the Protestant Reformation, started in Germany, to England. In spite of the fact that Henry by and large kept up a harmony between the Protestant and Catholic components, his replacements didn't. The force battle between religions quickened under Henrys child and prompt replacement, Edward VI, and under Mary, Henrys little girl by Catherine and replacement to Edward. After Elizabeth, girl of Anne Boleyn, took the seat, she absolutely settled the Anglican Church. Perhaps the best emergency England experienced during Elizabeths rule was a *attack by the amazing Spanish naval force. In July 1588*, Philip II of Spain sent his Invincible Armada to attack England. The Spaniards lost more than sixty-three boats and 9,000 men, and Spanish domain of the oceans was finished. Britain managed the oceans and her soul of pride and energy took off. The Elizabethan Age was a time of topographical investigations and extension. Thus, England developed as a pioneer in the European race to fabricate business domains. Exchange with removed nations gave another wellspring of riches to the white collar class dealers. Getting a charge out of the soul of achievement, England was an anxious beneficiary of the soul of resurrection or stiring that was affecting the idea of sixteenth-century Europe. This resurrection, later named by antiquarians as the *Renaissance*, was started by a restored enthusiasm for the works of art of old Greece and Rome. It additionally brought about an explosion of inventiveness in, and development of, the expressive arts; in a development in the soul of independence; in an extension of scholarly idea; and in another knowledge into the reason and criticalness of the human individual. The Renaissance *emphasis on the brilliance and marvel of the distinctive individual, just as of the encompassing world*, urged Elizabethans to think about existence as in excess of a procedure of sitting tight for eternal life. *They accepted that life was energizing and delightful and ought to be appreciated immediately.* Shakespeares Hamlet shouts, What a bit of work is man! how honorable in reason! how limitless in resources! in structure and moving how express and splendid. The Renaissance perfect extended the idea of the person to incorporate all aspectsâ€spiritual, discerning, enthusiastic, and physicalâ€of the human character. The Elizabethan extravagance, in this manner, was an impression of an apparently boundless want to know, to do, and to be. The English writing of the Renaissance offers sufficient evidence of the Elizabethan regard forever and excellence, any place it might be found. Match the depiction to the date or term. 1. annihilation of the Spanish Armada 2. end of Tudor rule 3. little girl of Anne Boleyn 4. little girl of Catherine 5. Tudor reign in England 6. Renaissance 1. 1588 2. 1603 3. Elizabeth 4. Mary 5. 1485-1603 6. resurrection Richard Tottels assortment ______ was the principal such assortment made and turned out to be prominently known as _____. Melodies and Sonnets; Tottels Miscellany Elizabethan Poetry Elizabethan verse offers an assortment of contemplations in words and rhythms that are satisfying to hear. The extravagance of the Elizabethan Age regularly communicated in tunes, some unconstrained and others painstakingly structured. The advancement of Instruments, for example, the *virginal and viola da gamba* supplemented this motivation to sing. About everybody in Elizabethan occasions could sing or play an instrument. *In 1577, Richard Tottel distributed the primary assortment of tunes and verses under the title Songs and Sonnets.* This book, nonetheless, for the most part is called *Tottels Miscellany*. Comparable songbooks before long showed up, some with titles, for example, *The Paradise of Dainty Devices and The Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions*. Like these titles, a significant number of the Elizabethan melodies were brightening and expound; others, in any case, were clear and basic. Elizabethan melodies regularly implied Greek folklore. Such references are a characteristic path for Renaissance musicians to communicate their reverence of traditional occasions. In the sonnet The Triumph of Charis the writer utilized Charis as his subject. In Greek folklore, Charis is the representation of excellence and appeal. Tune Questions Which tune centers around the flightiness of men? - Song from Much Ado About Nothing Which melody is a morning, arousing tune? - from Cymbeline Which melody would a mother in all probability sing to a kid at sleep time? - Golden Slumbers Kiss Your Eyes What does Charis triumph over in the melody The Triumph of Charis? - Her magnificence and appeal have all men wishing to be close by. What is the pride in There is a Garden in her Face? NOTE: An arrogance is an abstract gadget that analyzes two disparate things. - The womens lips are contrasted with fruits since she won't permit anybody to kiss them until she cries Cherry-Ripe. (line 6) Pick the feeling that the writer bids to in the last two lines of every verse. - hearing (Spring, the Sweet Spring from Summers Last Will and Testament, by Thomas Nashe) Which line offers the best case of similar sounding word usage? - line one Full Fadom1, five thy father lies Embodiment Embodiment is an interesting expression by which the creator gives human structures and characteristics to something that isn't human (lifeless thing, creature, deliberation). Writers use exemplification to help hone the perusers intrigue and comprehension. In Golden Slumbers Kiss Your Eyes, Thomas Dekker utilizes embodiment in the first and second lines: Golden sleeps kiss your eyes,/Smiles wakeful you when you rise. Reference In the event that you imagined that the Song from Cymbeline was the least straightforward and clear, your reaction was all around established. In that tune, William Shakespeare utilizes a suggestion, an interesting expression that can include a dash of advancement. An implication is a reference, immediate or backhanded, to a notable artistic, scriptural, or recorded occasion or individual. In Song from Cymbeline, Shakespeare alludes to Phoebus, otherwise called Phoebus Apollo, the sun divine force of the antiquated Greeks. To all the more likely comprehend their general surroundings, the Greeks much of the time clarified a characteristic yet at the same time strange marvel, for example, the sun, by comparing it with a divine being. Thus, to all the more likely comprehend this god, they exemplified him. Therefore, the sun and the god who spoke to it are acculturated. Shakespeare alluded to this sun god when he talked about Phoebus, as an individual who gins emerge to begin the day. Symbolism In his push to include the peruser, the writer frequently utilizes symbolism; that is, he utilizes clear, solid subtleties that intrigue to the perusers detects. A picture is now and again characterized in writing classes as a word picture. All the more precisely, a picture is a word or expression that urges the peruser to hear, contact, smell, taste, and see the writers subjects. In Song from Cymbeline, Shakespeare causes the peruser to see the blossoms by demonstrating the shape (cup-formed) of a few and shading (brilliant) of others. Elizabethan writers habitually utilized a detailed and overstated picture called a vanity. In this interesting expression, the author makes a correlation between two things that are ordinarily viewed as extremely disparate. Match the guide to the term. 1. the fields inhale sweet 2. Phoebus 3. pack of the honey bee 4. first assortment of tunes and verses 5. The Triumph of Charis 1. exemplification 2. implication 3. symbolism 4. Richard Tottel 5. Ben Jonson Match the definition to the word. 1. something not concrete; a quality isolated from an article 2. that which topped off or finished or brought flawlessly 3. something that can be seen by the faculties (smelled, tasted, felt, heard or seen) 4. rewarding or seeing as the equivalent 1. reflection 2. supplemented 3. concrete 4. likening Thomas Campion utilizes expand symbolism to enable the peruser to see his stunning woman. Match the examination that the artist uses to the component of his loves face. 1. roses and lilies 2. fruits 3. garden 4. rosebuds loaded up with day off 5. holy messengers 6. pearls 7. bowed bows 1. her cheeks 2. her lips 3. her face 4. her lips and teeth 5. her eyes 6. her teeth 7. her eyebrows As indicated by Ariel, what number of feet under the ocean is Ferdinands father? 30 In this sonnet, Ferdinands fathers eyes have become _____ and his bones have become _____. pearls; coral subject a chaperon at a regal court arrangements persistent or related arrangement Piece Verse is exceptionally emotional. It communicates the inclination or mentality of the writer. The work is a specific sort of verse that was famous in E

Written report of Ma Wan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Composed report of Ma Wan - Essay Example In spite of the fact that Ma Wan is a little island, it has end up being a good goal for universal and neighborhood sightseers (Sewell and James, 1995). It has various relaxation places, for example, the Ma Wan Park, Noah’s Ark Museum, Ma Wan Tung Wan Beach managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department and the Heritage Center (Sewell and James, 1995). Mama Wan is an island and a relative little one and as such has few occupants. One thing prominent is the old surrendered houses that are found in segments of the island. The administrations appear to have incited a plan of migrating a portion of local people to ease populace around there. The decrease of the populace had tumbled to 800 out of 2008 (You Lin Xu, 2011). Relinquished shops are obvious, and schools as well, one being the Kei Wai Primary School showing that local people had not been distanced to the outside world. Religion mix is very much fortified in Ma Wan. Noah’s Ark is additionally a significant milestone in Ma Wan. It depends on the Biblical anecdote about Noah. The nearness of sanctuaries has been a sign of the safeguarding of Ma Wan’s religion. Nearness of holy places and sanctuaries places Ma Wan as a multi-religion district, and there has been a quiet conjunction between these various gatherings. These shows a significant part of broadening around Ma Wan. Mama Wan vehicle has been fundamentally cutting-edge, and the development of Kap Shui Mun Bridge means that this advancement. Be that as it may, however, the individuals of Ma Wan rely upon water transport fundamentally to get to the terrain and furthermore the vacationers for the most part use water transport as a major aspect of their recreation exercises. Along these lines, it means that Ma Wan has constrained association of streets to the terrain of Hong Kong. All things considered, local people offer vehicle benefits through vessels. A harbor is likewise present in Ma Wan, and this has been because of the clearing

Athol Fugards drama, Master Harold :: Athol Fugard Master Harold Essays

Athol Fugard's dramatization, Ace Harold . . . What's more, The Boys, was composed during a period of incredible clash in South Africa, where he was raised.  Fugard was conflicted between his mom, who was Afrikaaner, (1291) and his dad, who was of English average (1291). These varying impacts made Fugard utilize the conversations among Sam and Hally to show the strict, racial, and political pressures of his lifetime in South Africa.   The conversation among Sam and Hally about who was a man of size (1300) speaks to the strict pressures of Fugard's lifetime in South Africa between the developing faith in advancement what's more, Jesus Christ's instructing of Creation.  Hally says that Charles Darwin was a man of greatness, (1300) in light of the fact that he was someone who profited all humankind (1301).  He appreciates Darwin for his Hypothesis of Evolution (1301), which as per Hally, demonstrates where we originate from and what everything signifies (1301).  Sam completely can't help contradicting Darwin's Hypothesis of Evolution (1301) on the grounds that advancement is rather than the Bible's instructing on Creationism, what's more, he says that since it is in a book it doesn't mean [he's] got the opportunity to trust it (1301).  Sam accepts that Jesus Christ (1302) was a man of size (1300).  Hally is clearly against Sam's recommendation of Jesus Christ, on the grounds that Hally clarifies that he is an agnostic (1303).  This difference among Sam and Hally is extremely only a case of the strict strains in South Africa during Fugard's lifetime between the Hypothesis of Evolution, (1301) which was getting increasingly acknowledged, what's more, Christianity, which was educated by Jesus Christ.   A second conversation among Sam and Hally that happens after Hally discovers that his dad has returned home shows the racial pressures of Fugard's lifetime in South Africa.  When Sam begins addressing Hally about how he treats his dad, Hally becomes furious and discloses to Sam that he is stepping on perilous ground (1321).  Hally likewise discloses to Sam that his mom is right(1322) about notice [him] about permitting you to get to recognizable (1322).  The peak of the contention is when Hally discloses to Sam that he is just a hireling (1322).  This is the main observable explanation that Hally makes that shows the racial pressures experienced in South Africa.  The following racial explanation Hally makes is the point at which he discloses to Sam that his dad is his supervisor on the grounds that he's a white man and that is adequate for [him] (1322).

Impacts of CAI on Rural Students

Impacts of CAI on Rural Students Impacts of CAI on Rural Students Home›Research Posts›Impacts of CAI on Rural Students Research PostsMethodologyThe research was conducted in two phases, the first phase was done in fall of 2009, and the second was done in the spring of 2010. During the fall period, the sample size of the control group   was 33. The training group on the other hand, had a sample size of 168 students. In the springtime, the sample size of the control group was 42 students. The training group sample was however, 131 students.The choice of methods used in analyzing or obtaining data in this research varied depending on the type of the information required. It also varied depending on the size of the samples being used. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data obtained after the research was conducted. This was done in order to give a simple way of comparing the results obtained (pre-test post-test) (Spear-Sterling Sternberg, 1996).The methods used in this research included; pretest-postte st design, autoskill and academy of reading. The statistical methods consisted of ANOVA, correlation, questionnaires, and t-test. Questionnaires, and pretest-posttest, were used to collect information from the participants while the others were used for analyzing the data to determine whether there was a significant impact on the response to intervention on the reading skills of K-12 students under this study.This study therefore, employed several methods in order to achieve it s objectives. The yearlong quasi-experimental single group Pretest-Posttest design was one of the methods that was used. This is a time series design with participants both pre- and post-tested twice during the year-long study. The pre-test scores is basically used to place the students into their respective training programs and the post test results is used to help the instructors to track the progress and the improvements in reading after the students have undergone the training (Skowron, 2001).RtI is said to be most effective when it includes screening, which is school wide, decision making that is data-based, progress monitoring based on research, collaboration, and development of staff, and reliability of implementation. It is an approach, which involves multiple tiers for providing interventions and services to students. Currently, there is a powerful combination of autoskill and academy of reading   where teachers use scientific interventions to provide services and support to students who are ‘at risk of reading failures’.AutoSkill model used in this study was a dynamic software and it incorporated a balanced approach of theories. It created solutions, which wee award winning and helped to close the gap in achievement experienced in K-12 students. For the past couple of years, AutoSkill program has improved the fluency in reading and math of at-risk students. It acknowledges the success of a reader as a combination of receiving and comprehension use of instructions. Its con tents include clear instructions in phonemic knowledge, development of structured symbol knowledge, development of fluent and accurate ability to decode text to automicity level, ability to apply strategies and skills, and fluency in reading. These elements combined in a single program are found to be highly efficient and effective in addressing the problems of the at-risk students.Phonemic knowledge is the ability to separate sound pulse and bring it out as its components. It is actually the capacity to identify, manipulate, and focus on individual unit sounds like rhymes and syllables of verbal language (Renzulli Reis, 1991).The academy of reading test also utilized in this study used introductory activities, which were taken stepwise. Here the training on phonemic knowledge covered the important skills in a sequential manner. The students started by matching the rhyming words, then went on to those words, which started with similar sounds. When these skills had been achieved, th e students progressed to another step where they matched words, which have the same sound at the end. The contents of the paragraphs for the academy of reading was basically designed such that it appealed to particular groups of participants. In this study, the K-12 students’ paragraph dealt with topics that were engaging and related to their common experiences in their childhood. The progress of each student was graphically represented and it helped the student to know the yields of their efforts.The positive development shown by any student has a big impact in motivation and building self-esteem. The 16weeks training period taken by each student promoted focus with little or no burden on the attention span length. In a learning process, feedback helps a student to know whether the tasks they are undertaking are adequate or not. The academic reading test involved the use of feedback, which was corrective and positive. The computer program recorded student “on-task” time and e rrors in auditory visual, and visual match activities were corrected by a blue underline, and a check mark in green color appeared in case of a correct answer. This computer program tracked the time the students were using it together with on-task time, it did not include the time that the student was idle or downtime. Time on-task against time taken in the program was indicated for every student in each class. Although this may be affected by many other factors, it is a good indicator of implementation quality. A focused and well-monitored implementation was given by a big   time-on-task, relative to the time taken in the program.The tests were done before and after the students were introduced to the CAI training program for 16 weeks each. CAI has become an area of interest for many researchers because of its impacts on low performing students. It has been found to be effective because it is motivational, non-judgmental and gives frequent and immediate feedback. This study was mea nt to determine whether the participants were in a position to operate the machines (computers) with very little supervision. The responses were then measured by the computer and were analyzed at the end of each semester and gains/losses recorded in 36 distinct levels. This was mainly to provide a K-12 student’s profile on proficiency in comprehension reading before and after undergoing the CAI program.The academy of reading test therefore gives an opportunity to build and reinforce the appreciation for principle of alphabets and phonics understanding. This was done by repeatedly exposing the students to words of high frequency and syllables in a development band. It also applied automicity theory beside task-analytic methodology. This theory is a unique procedure of training and includes both visual and auditory-visual matching to sample exercise. These are all meant to improve the automatic responding.The assessment of this test was designed so that the results obtained were con sistent with other scores in standardized tests. Results of the obtained tests were given in multiple formats, which enabled multiple perspective interpretation of the skills of the student. A correlation of “on-task” time to improvement was also analyzed as an insight to the connection of training to improvement. The Academy of Reading Assessment test that has been correlated to the TerraNova modular assessment series is employed in this case and has been validated to the TerraNova with a correlation of .69 to .80 across grade levels.ParticipantsThe participants in this research were k-12 students in Hanson School, which is located in Alexandria. They were chosen because they met these characteristics; these students went to an elementary school in a rural area. They also lived in a Midwestern rural district and came from households of low socioeconomic status.The participants had an age of between 16-18 years and are in K12 grade. They are taken as a representative group as re commended by their teachers. These participants showed evidence of reading risk and were tested in the risk range in reading fluency.The participants were exposed to various selection criteria. Experimental research was used to control and to test causal effects through the processes. It was applicable where the correlation magnitude was wider and where a cause would ensure the same effects were taught. The most important needs of experimental research designs was to eliminate the impact of the intervening, antecedent, and spurious variables. Variables must not be identified first because they are not required for manipulation.However, quasi-experimental research design involved an experiment or the study in which a researcher has no control over the factors being studied. This is a key difference over the experimental research. In this case, there was no random assignment and allocation as in the case of experimental research.In experimental research method, a time analysis was use d for interruption and non-interruption purposes. In quasi method, variables were first identified because they are useful in manipulation for it to affect the dependent variable. The subjects were monitored for sometime so as to record the changes that took place; unlike the experimental where the time was set and was specific.Ethical considerationGenerally, before undertaking any academic research, it is wise to know the ethics behind it. There are three major ethical considerations that should be taken into account. First, the researcher should respect the views of the participant and bare in mind that he/she has a choice to make any decision whether to be take part in the study or not. Therefore the researcher should disclose everything about the research being undertaken. Secondly, the researcher should maximize the benefits to the participants or the society and minimize risks involved.In addition, justice should be administered. Participants should be selected equally so that the benefits accrued are equally distributed .Other groups of people e.g. the prisoners should not be neglected. Apart from these principles, one should ask for permission before carrying out a research in case of a research involving private participants. Advantage should not be taken on those groups that can be easily accessed like children. In this study, the study on the impact of response to intervention on reading instructions on K-12 students was done under the permission of the grade teachers. The selection of the participants was done after  recommendation by their teachers.A method, which would be transparent and mostly accepted in all research, is the quantitative method. Quantitative methods are tailor made to suit the approaches and methods used to define who should be recruited. Random selection is used so as to avoid biasness, for instance random dialing of numbers in the directory. Another useful quantitative method is known as ethnographic. This method studies the behavior of the people in a natural environment setting that seeks to understand the sequence of events.Qualitative research reflects on the perceived nature of a person or item under study. This is to develop experiences, theories, and concepts so as to interpret and analyze the data and information, which have been collected. It uses the process of deduction as a study approach. This is to investigate the situation that allows precise measurement and quantification, which involves a controlled design.DemographicsThe population of K-12 students has been significantly increasing ethically and racially since the 1970’s. 22% of enrollments in secondary and elementary public schools were students of color and has grown to over 40%. In the future, it is believed that schools will become more heterogeneous and by 2034, the majority of the students will be of color. These demographic varieties are seen to exert substantial pressure on teacher education programs in order to solve issues of ethnic, linguistic, and racial diversity.Description of settingThe setting of this research is in Hanson school. Hanson school is a rural school in Alexandria. It is in this school that all the training and testing was done. The residents in this region are considered low-income earners. The training sessions were done in a computer room and sometimes, in other vacant rooms where distractions were minimal. Each student was given a computer and was expected to follow the program instructions provided and answered the questions.TrainingEach student in the representative group was taken through the intervention. Before the intervention was implemented, a training sequence was introduced to the participants so that they could make themselves familiar to the program. The participants needed to understand how the software was used before the end of the training.It was not however, easy to accomplish the research without a difficulty, there were several limitations that were experience d. The quasi-experimental design lacked a control group. This was a simple pre-test, post-test data collection relying upon the verity of the test for support of the hypothesis. The population of readers in this study had ample access to other reading practices and instructions outside the utilized program of instruction. It was therefore, not certain that the change in the reading skills was as a result of the introduction of computer software instructions. There were tremendous variety in the instructional reading treatment of every member of the population.Each member in the group was given different instructions and therefore there was no equality on the extent of the instructions given. Consistency in application of the program also was variable in time and setting. Teachers had no access to several labs and because of time constraints; all teachers were not able to offer equal segments of instruction. Incentives for performance existed for all sample members, however, these in centives varied in consistent types and times offered. Other than this, the instruction program although efficient, was inaccessible in a broad scale. It was also not very accurate compared to human, in identifying and correcting all the errors that the struggling students might have   made. This is however, likely to be the reason why this program was not been administered in a normal classroom situations.General procedureThe K-12 students in this study were trained in two tiers, tier 2, and tier 3. The two tires started with a baseline. A baseline was executed after the pre-test sessions. This baseline consisted a timed reading of a text passage, which was given as a word document, and every participant was expected to read any possible number of words in a specific timed period. The timer was set to start the moment the participant started reading. When this was perfectly done, the participants had to answer a series of comprehension questions as the experimenter writes down the answers. The number of correct answered was used to analyze the performance/improvement of the students and then compared to the initial (pre-test)scores (Rosenthal, 2001).QuestionnairesThis is a method of obtaining data/ information whereby the person being interviewed is given a list of questions and can answer them in two ways. i.e. answering a postal questionnaire where he/she   completes the questions given without the help of the researcher. The other way of answering a questionnaire is whereby the respondent completes the question in the presence of   the researcher. Although the two ways always contain the same questions, the initial way is meant for a case when the anonymity of the respondent is to be protected.Questionnaires should be either closed-ended, which provides only quantitative data, or open-ended whereby the respondent gives a qualitative response to the questions asked. The respondents are required to give their responds in their own words. The use of questionn aires enables a researcher to reach a large of people within a very short time especially when postal questionnaires are used. They are also relatively quick, easily created, code, and to interpret. Although they are recommendable, its design may make it hard for the researcher to analyze complex opinions or issues (Rosenthal, 2001).In this research, two sets of questionnaires were administered. One was meant for the participants and another for the teachers. The questions majorly asked were those regarding the study period and the impacts on the reading skills of the participants. At some point, the respondents were expected to give answers in their own words. The feedback from the two groups was then analyzed and results tabulated as in the results section.Statistical testStatistical tests in this research are very crucial in order to quantify the impact on reading skills when the computer instructions were used to provide tutorials to the group of K-12 students under this study. Testing the ability of the students to use the computer instructions effectively was done by experimenters providing the basic instructions on the initial day of intervention. After this was done, the participants were then allowed to follow the software instructions. The observed results were promising; there was an indication that the students were gaining both knowledge and reading skills, this was done by comparing the pre-test and the post-test scores (Vaughn, et. al., 1993).ANOVA-testAnalysis Of Variance is a technique, which is used to test the difference in any two given means of populations. It uses the hypothesis that two or more population means are equal. The pre-test and post-test means were calculated and compared. Using the hypothesis; i.e. the null and the alternative hypothesis, the differences in the means of the pre-test and the posttest scores showed that there was a significant increase in reading skills of the students   who underwent the training.The t-tests o f the samples were also significant and this meant that there was an impact on the reading skills of the students. The most commonly used t-tests were the student’s t-test,   which are used when the means of the two samples under consideration are equal, and location test, which is used to test whether a population’s mean of a normal distribution has a number indicated by the null hypothesis ( Sizer, 1997).Correlation analysisCorrelation analysis is a technique that is used to determine the relationship between two or more attributes. Correlation coefficient of significant relationship of attributes ranges from -1 to 1. A positive correlation implies that when one attribute increases, the other automatically increases. On the other hand, a negative coefficient implies that an increase in one leads to a decrease in another attribute (Vaughn, et. al., 1993).In this study, correlation of on-task time with improvement was done; this was done to test the impact of the training on the reading skills of the participants. The Academy of Reading Assessment test that has been correlated to the TerraNova modular assessment series is employed in this case and has been validated to the TerraNova with a correlation of .69 to .80 across grade levels.Methodological LimitationsLike every research, this one had some of limitations. One of these was the inability to effectively and efficiently communicate with both the respondents to the questionnaires and the supervisor. This problem was caused by a language barrier on the side of the respondent and the gap between the supervisor and us. This gap was created as a result of the long time taken in collection and sampling of data. Even though the time was not specified, the supervisor would regularly monitor the project. This expressed the need for us to have had timelines, which we did not have. We also faced a problem of the budget going beyond our expectations, forcing us to walk and extra mile and digging into our pockets in some given instances. The problem with the budget extension came as a result of underestimation, which had been done during the planning stage. Another problem that came up was the commitment and energy to undergo all the project tasks. One part, which was specifically very tiring, was the data collection part (Vaughn, et. al., 1993).Summary  The methods described in this research reveal various concerns regarding the use of computers in improving reading skills of K-12 students. As stated earlier, there is need to increase reading instructions especially for those students who have difficulties in reading without adding any work load for the teachers. Student who should be targeted in order to benefit from this supplemental and effective reading instructions are those who attend schools that have a lot of students such that they are overcrowded or are underfunded.Schools, which face financial problems and have large number of students get   a severe stress on the few available r esources. This is experienced especially when there is need to provide additional individual attention to those students who have reading difficulties. When this is the case, efficient and effective computer aided programs should be introduced, although it may be a bit complex (Reis, et. al. 1998).In conclusion, it is realized that autoskill brings a significant intervention solutions especially for students of all abilities and ages who are considered as at-risk. Autoskill solutions are easily implemented, and flexible for helping a wide range of students. These students can be either enrolled in middle, elementary, and high school whose performance levels are both below basic and at basic levels on students taking special education, English, and standardized tests (Rosenthal, 2001).

Impacts of CAI on Rural Students

Impacts of CAI on Rural Students Impacts of CAI on Rural Students Home›Research Posts›Impacts of CAI on Rural Students Research PostsMethodologyThe research was conducted in two phases, the first phase was done in fall of 2009, and the second was done in the spring of 2010. During the fall period, the sample size of the control group   was 33. The training group on the other hand, had a sample size of 168 students. In the springtime, the sample size of the control group was 42 students. The training group sample was however, 131 students.The choice of methods used in analyzing or obtaining data in this research varied depending on the type of the information required. It also varied depending on the size of the samples being used. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data obtained after the research was conducted. This was done in order to give a simple way of comparing the results obtained (pre-test post-test) (Spear-Sterling Sternberg, 1996).The methods used in this research included; pretest-postte st design, autoskill and academy of reading. The statistical methods consisted of ANOVA, correlation, questionnaires, and t-test. Questionnaires, and pretest-posttest, were used to collect information from the participants while the others were used for analyzing the data to determine whether there was a significant impact on the response to intervention on the reading skills of K-12 students under this study.This study therefore, employed several methods in order to achieve it s objectives. The yearlong quasi-experimental single group Pretest-Posttest design was one of the methods that was used. This is a time series design with participants both pre- and post-tested twice during the year-long study. The pre-test scores is basically used to place the students into their respective training programs and the post test results is used to help the instructors to track the progress and the improvements in reading after the students have undergone the training (Skowron, 2001).RtI is said to be most effective when it includes screening, which is school wide, decision making that is data-based, progress monitoring based on research, collaboration, and development of staff, and reliability of implementation. It is an approach, which involves multiple tiers for providing interventions and services to students. Currently, there is a powerful combination of autoskill and academy of reading   where teachers use scientific interventions to provide services and support to students who are ‘at risk of reading failures’.AutoSkill model used in this study was a dynamic software and it incorporated a balanced approach of theories. It created solutions, which wee award winning and helped to close the gap in achievement experienced in K-12 students. For the past couple of years, AutoSkill program has improved the fluency in reading and math of at-risk students. It acknowledges the success of a reader as a combination of receiving and comprehension use of instructions. Its con tents include clear instructions in phonemic knowledge, development of structured symbol knowledge, development of fluent and accurate ability to decode text to automicity level, ability to apply strategies and skills, and fluency in reading. These elements combined in a single program are found to be highly efficient and effective in addressing the problems of the at-risk students.Phonemic knowledge is the ability to separate sound pulse and bring it out as its components. It is actually the capacity to identify, manipulate, and focus on individual unit sounds like rhymes and syllables of verbal language (Renzulli Reis, 1991).The academy of reading test also utilized in this study used introductory activities, which were taken stepwise. Here the training on phonemic knowledge covered the important skills in a sequential manner. The students started by matching the rhyming words, then went on to those words, which started with similar sounds. When these skills had been achieved, th e students progressed to another step where they matched words, which have the same sound at the end. The contents of the paragraphs for the academy of reading was basically designed such that it appealed to particular groups of participants. In this study, the K-12 students’ paragraph dealt with topics that were engaging and related to their common experiences in their childhood. The progress of each student was graphically represented and it helped the student to know the yields of their efforts.The positive development shown by any student has a big impact in motivation and building self-esteem. The 16weeks training period taken by each student promoted focus with little or no burden on the attention span length. In a learning process, feedback helps a student to know whether the tasks they are undertaking are adequate or not. The academic reading test involved the use of feedback, which was corrective and positive. The computer program recorded student “on-task” time and e rrors in auditory visual, and visual match activities were corrected by a blue underline, and a check mark in green color appeared in case of a correct answer. This computer program tracked the time the students were using it together with on-task time, it did not include the time that the student was idle or downtime. Time on-task against time taken in the program was indicated for every student in each class. Although this may be affected by many other factors, it is a good indicator of implementation quality. A focused and well-monitored implementation was given by a big   time-on-task, relative to the time taken in the program.The tests were done before and after the students were introduced to the CAI training program for 16 weeks each. CAI has become an area of interest for many researchers because of its impacts on low performing students. It has been found to be effective because it is motivational, non-judgmental and gives frequent and immediate feedback. This study was mea nt to determine whether the participants were in a position to operate the machines (computers) with very little supervision. The responses were then measured by the computer and were analyzed at the end of each semester and gains/losses recorded in 36 distinct levels. This was mainly to provide a K-12 student’s profile on proficiency in comprehension reading before and after undergoing the CAI program.The academy of reading test therefore gives an opportunity to build and reinforce the appreciation for principle of alphabets and phonics understanding. This was done by repeatedly exposing the students to words of high frequency and syllables in a development band. It also applied automicity theory beside task-analytic methodology. This theory is a unique procedure of training and includes both visual and auditory-visual matching to sample exercise. These are all meant to improve the automatic responding.The assessment of this test was designed so that the results obtained were con sistent with other scores in standardized tests. Results of the obtained tests were given in multiple formats, which enabled multiple perspective interpretation of the skills of the student. A correlation of “on-task” time to improvement was also analyzed as an insight to the connection of training to improvement. The Academy of Reading Assessment test that has been correlated to the TerraNova modular assessment series is employed in this case and has been validated to the TerraNova with a correlation of .69 to .80 across grade levels.ParticipantsThe participants in this research were k-12 students in Hanson School, which is located in Alexandria. They were chosen because they met these characteristics; these students went to an elementary school in a rural area. They also lived in a Midwestern rural district and came from households of low socioeconomic status.The participants had an age of between 16-18 years and are in K12 grade. They are taken as a representative group as re commended by their teachers. These participants showed evidence of reading risk and were tested in the risk range in reading fluency.The participants were exposed to various selection criteria. Experimental research was used to control and to test causal effects through the processes. It was applicable where the correlation magnitude was wider and where a cause would ensure the same effects were taught. The most important needs of experimental research designs was to eliminate the impact of the intervening, antecedent, and spurious variables. Variables must not be identified first because they are not required for manipulation.However, quasi-experimental research design involved an experiment or the study in which a researcher has no control over the factors being studied. This is a key difference over the experimental research. In this case, there was no random assignment and allocation as in the case of experimental research.In experimental research method, a time analysis was use d for interruption and non-interruption purposes. In quasi method, variables were first identified because they are useful in manipulation for it to affect the dependent variable. The subjects were monitored for sometime so as to record the changes that took place; unlike the experimental where the time was set and was specific.Ethical considerationGenerally, before undertaking any academic research, it is wise to know the ethics behind it. There are three major ethical considerations that should be taken into account. First, the researcher should respect the views of the participant and bare in mind that he/she has a choice to make any decision whether to be take part in the study or not. Therefore the researcher should disclose everything about the research being undertaken. Secondly, the researcher should maximize the benefits to the participants or the society and minimize risks involved.In addition, justice should be administered. Participants should be selected equally so that the benefits accrued are equally distributed .Other groups of people e.g. the prisoners should not be neglected. Apart from these principles, one should ask for permission before carrying out a research in case of a research involving private participants. Advantage should not be taken on those groups that can be easily accessed like children. In this study, the study on the impact of response to intervention on reading instructions on K-12 students was done under the permission of the grade teachers. The selection of the participants was done after  recommendation by their teachers.A method, which would be transparent and mostly accepted in all research, is the quantitative method. Quantitative methods are tailor made to suit the approaches and methods used to define who should be recruited. Random selection is used so as to avoid biasness, for instance random dialing of numbers in the directory. Another useful quantitative method is known as ethnographic. This method studies the behavior of the people in a natural environment setting that seeks to understand the sequence of events.Qualitative research reflects on the perceived nature of a person or item under study. This is to develop experiences, theories, and concepts so as to interpret and analyze the data and information, which have been collected. It uses the process of deduction as a study approach. This is to investigate the situation that allows precise measurement and quantification, which involves a controlled design.DemographicsThe population of K-12 students has been significantly increasing ethically and racially since the 1970’s. 22% of enrollments in secondary and elementary public schools were students of color and has grown to over 40%. In the future, it is believed that schools will become more heterogeneous and by 2034, the majority of the students will be of color. These demographic varieties are seen to exert substantial pressure on teacher education programs in order to solve issues of ethnic, linguistic, and racial diversity.Description of settingThe setting of this research is in Hanson school. Hanson school is a rural school in Alexandria. It is in this school that all the training and testing was done. The residents in this region are considered low-income earners. The training sessions were done in a computer room and sometimes, in other vacant rooms where distractions were minimal. Each student was given a computer and was expected to follow the program instructions provided and answered the questions.TrainingEach student in the representative group was taken through the intervention. Before the intervention was implemented, a training sequence was introduced to the participants so that they could make themselves familiar to the program. The participants needed to understand how the software was used before the end of the training.It was not however, easy to accomplish the research without a difficulty, there were several limitations that were experience d. The quasi-experimental design lacked a control group. This was a simple pre-test, post-test data collection relying upon the verity of the test for support of the hypothesis. The population of readers in this study had ample access to other reading practices and instructions outside the utilized program of instruction. It was therefore, not certain that the change in the reading skills was as a result of the introduction of computer software instructions. There were tremendous variety in the instructional reading treatment of every member of the population.Each member in the group was given different instructions and therefore there was no equality on the extent of the instructions given. Consistency in application of the program also was variable in time and setting. Teachers had no access to several labs and because of time constraints; all teachers were not able to offer equal segments of instruction. Incentives for performance existed for all sample members, however, these in centives varied in consistent types and times offered. Other than this, the instruction program although efficient, was inaccessible in a broad scale. It was also not very accurate compared to human, in identifying and correcting all the errors that the struggling students might have   made. This is however, likely to be the reason why this program was not been administered in a normal classroom situations.General procedureThe K-12 students in this study were trained in two tiers, tier 2, and tier 3. The two tires started with a baseline. A baseline was executed after the pre-test sessions. This baseline consisted a timed reading of a text passage, which was given as a word document, and every participant was expected to read any possible number of words in a specific timed period. The timer was set to start the moment the participant started reading. When this was perfectly done, the participants had to answer a series of comprehension questions as the experimenter writes down the answers. The number of correct answered was used to analyze the performance/improvement of the students and then compared to the initial (pre-test)scores (Rosenthal, 2001).QuestionnairesThis is a method of obtaining data/ information whereby the person being interviewed is given a list of questions and can answer them in two ways. i.e. answering a postal questionnaire where he/she   completes the questions given without the help of the researcher. The other way of answering a questionnaire is whereby the respondent completes the question in the presence of   the researcher. Although the two ways always contain the same questions, the initial way is meant for a case when the anonymity of the respondent is to be protected.Questionnaires should be either closed-ended, which provides only quantitative data, or open-ended whereby the respondent gives a qualitative response to the questions asked. The respondents are required to give their responds in their own words. The use of questionn aires enables a researcher to reach a large of people within a very short time especially when postal questionnaires are used. They are also relatively quick, easily created, code, and to interpret. Although they are recommendable, its design may make it hard for the researcher to analyze complex opinions or issues (Rosenthal, 2001).In this research, two sets of questionnaires were administered. One was meant for the participants and another for the teachers. The questions majorly asked were those regarding the study period and the impacts on the reading skills of the participants. At some point, the respondents were expected to give answers in their own words. The feedback from the two groups was then analyzed and results tabulated as in the results section.Statistical testStatistical tests in this research are very crucial in order to quantify the impact on reading skills when the computer instructions were used to provide tutorials to the group of K-12 students under this study. Testing the ability of the students to use the computer instructions effectively was done by experimenters providing the basic instructions on the initial day of intervention. After this was done, the participants were then allowed to follow the software instructions. The observed results were promising; there was an indication that the students were gaining both knowledge and reading skills, this was done by comparing the pre-test and the post-test scores (Vaughn, et. al., 1993).ANOVA-testAnalysis Of Variance is a technique, which is used to test the difference in any two given means of populations. It uses the hypothesis that two or more population means are equal. The pre-test and post-test means were calculated and compared. Using the hypothesis; i.e. the null and the alternative hypothesis, the differences in the means of the pre-test and the posttest scores showed that there was a significant increase in reading skills of the students   who underwent the training.The t-tests o f the samples were also significant and this meant that there was an impact on the reading skills of the students. The most commonly used t-tests were the student’s t-test,   which are used when the means of the two samples under consideration are equal, and location test, which is used to test whether a population’s mean of a normal distribution has a number indicated by the null hypothesis ( Sizer, 1997).Correlation analysisCorrelation analysis is a technique that is used to determine the relationship between two or more attributes. Correlation coefficient of significant relationship of attributes ranges from -1 to 1. A positive correlation implies that when one attribute increases, the other automatically increases. On the other hand, a negative coefficient implies that an increase in one leads to a decrease in another attribute (Vaughn, et. al., 1993).In this study, correlation of on-task time with improvement was done; this was done to test the impact of the training on the reading skills of the participants. The Academy of Reading Assessment test that has been correlated to the TerraNova modular assessment series is employed in this case and has been validated to the TerraNova with a correlation of .69 to .80 across grade levels.Methodological LimitationsLike every research, this one had some of limitations. One of these was the inability to effectively and efficiently communicate with both the respondents to the questionnaires and the supervisor. This problem was caused by a language barrier on the side of the respondent and the gap between the supervisor and us. This gap was created as a result of the long time taken in collection and sampling of data. Even though the time was not specified, the supervisor would regularly monitor the project. This expressed the need for us to have had timelines, which we did not have. We also faced a problem of the budget going beyond our expectations, forcing us to walk and extra mile and digging into our pockets in some given instances. The problem with the budget extension came as a result of underestimation, which had been done during the planning stage. Another problem that came up was the commitment and energy to undergo all the project tasks. One part, which was specifically very tiring, was the data collection part (Vaughn, et. al., 1993).Summary  The methods described in this research reveal various concerns regarding the use of computers in improving reading skills of K-12 students. As stated earlier, there is need to increase reading instructions especially for those students who have difficulties in reading without adding any work load for the teachers. Student who should be targeted in order to benefit from this supplemental and effective reading instructions are those who attend schools that have a lot of students such that they are overcrowded or are underfunded.Schools, which face financial problems and have large number of students get   a severe stress on the few available r esources. This is experienced especially when there is need to provide additional individual attention to those students who have reading difficulties. When this is the case, efficient and effective computer aided programs should be introduced, although it may be a bit complex (Reis, et. al. 1998).In conclusion, it is realized that autoskill brings a significant intervention solutions especially for students of all abilities and ages who are considered as at-risk. Autoskill solutions are easily implemented, and flexible for helping a wide range of students. These students can be either enrolled in middle, elementary, and high school whose performance levels are both below basic and at basic levels on students taking special education, English, and standardized tests (Rosenthal, 2001).

Free Scholarship Essay Samples For High School Students

<h1>Free Scholarship Essay Samples For High School Students</h1><p>With numerous guardians needing money related guide to finance their kid's training, private supported grants are consistently accessible. Just as being offered to people by the administration or organizations giving the grant, there are secretly financed grants for adolescents and youthful grown-ups who have amazing evaluations. A portion of these may even be given by the parent of the understudy or school in the event that it is inside the requirements.</p><p></p><p>Private supported grants require a ton of concentrating however on the off chance that you have a ton of tolerance and a lot of assurance, there are paper tests to support you. You can take a gander at one of the numerous sites offering free grants for secondary school understudies and afterward take a gander at the papers they offer. You may even have the option to discover some example article subjects or model s on your own.</p><p></p><p>When you need to find out about secretly subsidized grants, you will locate that a portion of the exposition tests may require explicit composing styles. You ought not really stress over being excessively unique or you may locate that a portion of the free examples sometimes fall short for your necessities. Simultaneously, you ought to have the option to pick between the notable subjects and have the option to utilize them for your own utilization. This is particularly evident when you are figuring out how to compose an article with private funding.</p><p></p><p>It is likewise important to ensure that you comprehend the way toward composing an individual explanation. You may find this incorporates giving instances of your administration capacities, yet realize that you don't have to present an article except if you need to. In all actuality most understudies get the letters of proposal that they need from ed ucators and others when they enter school and consequently they never need to present any. On the off chance that you are dealing with getting a grant for secondary school or school, this is unquestionably not the case.</p><p></p><p>You should address an advocate or somebody in the school about what is required and when you can hope to get your private subsidizing. Try not to be astounded if your mentor or your educators need to support you and ensure that you don't miss a cutoff time. You might be approached to present the exploration paper or the proposition before the cutoff time with the goal that it tends to be utilized for future reference.</p><p></p><p>You will locate that many free exposition tests that are accessible online have just been tried and are acknowledged. It is considerably more hard to distinguish grants that you won't be acknowledged for. A large number of the sites will ordinarily require an expense to get to the ir examples so they won't be allowed to you on the off chance that you need them.</p><p></p><p>If you are searching for a grant dependent on an understudy's gifts or experience, you will locate that a significant number of the papers that are accessible are fundamentally the same as. This can be very disappointing and you may find that you have to work more enthusiastically to discover something that accommodates your circumstance. Recall that you will at present need to plan and give instances of your composing aptitudes and experiences.</p><p></p><p>Before you look for secretly financed grants, you ought to consider the paper tests that are accessible to you. These are probably going to be fundamentally the same as those that you would approach at home and will be of a higher caliber. You will most likely need to invest some energy into them and show some drive to attempt to discover them. Be that as it may, you will make certain to get incredible direction when you do and the final product will be definitely justified even despite the effort.</p>

English Essay Topics

<h1>English Essay Topics</h1><p>Having a decent handle of 1600 words is critical to any undergrad. These words can run from essentially educating others about a subject, to enlightening the class regarding an energizing new improvement in your field. It is dependent upon you to choose what 1600 words intends to you, and what you might want to learn about.</p><p></p><p>As an understudy, you are typically required to compose a paper for English class. Articles are composed dependent on a particular point. Before you settle on a point, you should discover what exposition subjects are utilized at your college.</p><p></p><p>One of the primary things you will realize when you begin learning English is that the subject of the article isn't the one composing it. Rather, the point is a fundamental depiction of what the exposition is about. A few understudies get it and different understudies don't. On the off chance that you do n't get the topic of the paper right, you may end up battling with it as you endeavor to write.</p><p></p><p>English exposition themes are isolated into two kinds. One sort is a piece of the creative cycle. For this situation, the understudy has just picked a point, composed a sentence or two, and afterward made an interpretation of that material to English. The second sort of paper themes is the one which has just been written.</p><p></p><p>Often, an understudy will have a difficult while picking points since the person in question will never hear it utilized in discussion. In some cases this can be a gift, in light of the fact that the understudy will pick a subject that is intriguing. Different occasions, it tends to be a revile, in light of the fact that you won't can enable your understudy to choose a topic.</p><p></p><p>When I was an understudy, I generally asked why one subject didn't have a place with th e understudy. Sooner or later, I began to understand that each understudy is given a specific subject for their English expositions. Each English understudy who takes the SAT has an alternate point as a main priority, and the most ideal approach to doing this is to see what number of themes exist.</p><p></p><p>If you're beginning to peruse this article, you definitely realize that English can be an expansive subject. There are a wide range of subjects to cover when attempting to compose an article. In spite of the fact that you may imagine that the points you know about are similar ones that are utilized at your school, these themes are frequently very unique. You should get comfortable with the subject so you can expound on it in a manner that is proper for your specific college.</p><p></p><p>As you keep on perusing this article, you will see that there are a wide range of points you can browse to make your English paper. You can even pick various subjects every week on the off chance that you'd like. These points depend on some fundamental data which is found in the very essentials of English grammar.</p>